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Principles of Automotive Shock Absorbers
2024-12-04
The working principle of automotive shock absorbers is mainly achieved through the flow and throttling of hydraulic oil to achieve shock absorption effect. The shock absorber contains two cylinders inside: the working cylinder and the oil storage cylinder. The working cylinder is always filled with hydraulic oil, and hydraulic oil is also stored in the storage cylinder. When the shock absorber is compressed by external force, the piston moves downwards, the compression valve opens, and hydraulic oil flows into the upper chamber through the valve. Due to the small size of the valve, the flow speed of hydraulic oil slows down, forming a damping force, thus achieving the shock absorption effect. When the piston rebounds, the rebound valve opens and hydraulic oil flows back from the oil storage cylinder to the working cylinder, forming a damping force to prevent rebound.
In addition, the structure of the shock absorber includes shock absorbers, coil springs, top pillars, mounting seats, dust covers, and oil seals. Although coil springs are usually considered the main components that bear the weight of a car, shock absorbers also bear weight. The up and down movement of the piston rod, rebound base, and flow control of hydraulic oil between the two cylinder barrels of the shock absorber are key to achieving its shock absorption function.
Different types of shock absorbers have different structures, but they all rely on the flow and throttling control of hydraulic oil to achieve shock absorption effects. Pillar type shock absorbers are usually installed between the vehicle body and the steering knuckle, achieving optimal shock absorption effect through vertical movement.
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